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Continuing north towards Trujillo from the Great Wall of Peru, the Panamerican Highway cuts up the usually dry river-bed of Chau, a straggling, scrubby green trail through the absolutely barren desert of the Viru Valley . In the Gallinazo period, around 300 AD, the Viru Valley saw great changes: simple dwelling sites became fully fledged villages consisting of large groups of adjacent rooms and stone pyramids; improved irrigation produced a great population increase; and a society with complex labour patterns and distribution systems began to develop. The Gallinazo started to build defensive walls, just prior to being invaded by the Mochicas (around 500 AD) on their military conquests south as far as the Santa and Nepena valleys. Later on, during the Chimu era, the population was dramatically reduced again, perhaps through migration north to Chan Chan, capital of this highly centralized pre-Inca state.
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