The Revolution Of 1930
The revolution of 1930 that brought the populist Getulio Vargas to power was a critical event. Vargas dominated Brazilian politics for the next quarter-century, and the Vargas years were a time of radical change, marking a decisive break with the past. Vargas had much in common with his Argentinian contemporary, Juan Peron: both were charming, but cunning and ruthless with it, and rooted their power base in the new urban working class. It was the working class , combined with disillusion in the junior ranks of the military, that swept Vargas to power. Younger officers, accustomed to seeing the armed forces as the guardian of the national conscience, were disgusted by the corruption of the military hierarchy. When the Great Depression hit, the government spent millions protecting coffee growers by buying crops at a guaranteed price; the coffee was then burnt, as the export market had collapsed. Workers in the cities and countryside were appalled, seeing themselves frozen out while vast sums were spent on landowners, and as the economic outlook worsened the pressure started building up from other states to end the Sao Paulo and Minas grip on power. This time, the transition was violent. In 1926, Washington Luis was made president without an election, as the elite contrived an unopposed nomination. When Luis appeared set to do the same thing in 1930, an unstoppable mass revolution developed, first in Vargas's home state of Rio Grande do Sul, then in Rio, then in the Northeast. There was some resistance in Sao Paulo, but the worst fighting was in the Northeast, where street battles left scores dead. The shock troops of the revolution were the young army officers who led their units against the ancien regime in Minas and Rio, and the gaucho cavalry who accompanied Vargas on his triumphant procession to Rio. Although Sao Paulo rose briefly against Vargas in 1932, the revolt was swiftly crushed, and Getulio, as Brazilians affectionately knew him, embarked on the longest and most spectacular political career in modern Brazilian history.
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