Coffee With Milk - and Sugar
The years from 1890 to 1930 were politically undistinguished, but saw Brazil rapidly transformed economically and socially by large-scale immigration from Europe and Japan; they were decades of swift growth and swelling cities, which saw a very Brazilian combination of a boom-bust-boom economy and corrupt pork-barrel politics. The boom was led by coffee and rubber , which - at opposite ends of the country - had entirely different labour forces. Millions of nordestinos moved into the Amazon to tap rubber, but the coffee workers swarming into Sao Paulo in their hundreds of thousands came chiefly from Italy. Between 1890 and 1930 over four million migrants arrived from Europe and another two hundred thousand from Japan. Most went to work on the coffee estates of southern Brazil, but enough remained to turn Sao Paulo into the fastest-growing city in the Americas. Urban industrialization appeared in Brazil for the first time, taking root in Sao Paulo to supply the voracious markets of the young cities springing up in the Paulista interior. By 1930, Sao Paulo had displaced Rio as the leading industrial centre. More improbable was the transformation of Manaus into the largest city of the Amazon. Rubber turned Manaus from a muddy village into a rich trading city within a couple of decades. The peak of the rubber boom , from the 1870s to the outbreak of World War I, financed its metamorphosis into a tropical belle epoque outpost, complete with opera house. Rubber exports were second only to coffee, but proved much more vulnerable to competition. Seeds smuggled out of Amazonia by Victorian adventurer Henry Wickham in 1876 ended up in Ceylon and Malaya, where - by 1914 - plantation rubber pushed wild Amazon rubber out of the world markets. The region returned to an isolation it maintained until the late 1950s. Economic growth was not accompanied by political development. Although not all the early presidents were incompetent - Rodrigues Alves (1902-6), for example, rebuilt Rio complete with a public health system, finally eradicating the epidemics that had stunted its growth - the majority were corrupt political bosses, relying on a network of patron-client relationships, whose main ambition seemed to be to bleed the public coffers dry. Power was concentrated in the two most populous states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais, which struck a convenient deal to alternate the presidency between them. This way of ensuring that both sets of snouts could slurp away in the trough uninterrupted was called " cafe com leite " by its opponents: coffee from Sao Paulo and milk from the mineiro dairy herds. In fact, it was coffee with milk and sugar: the developing national habit of the sweet cafezinho in the burgeoning cities of the south provided a new domestic market for sugar, which ensured support from the plantation oligarchs of the Northeast. In a pattern that would repeat itself in more modern times, the economy forged ahead while politics went backwards. The saying "Brazil grows in the dark, while politicians sleep" made its first appearance.
Fun Tipsmary says "Bring your inhaler if you have asma." tips for BrazilRobyn says "Dont go it so boring,so dont go " travellingayanda says "can anyone tell me about cheap accomodation in brazil?" Tour Brazil and Argentina On Line (Video + Stills)David Mundstock says "My recent movie, “Tango and Samba Falls”, presents highlights of Argentina and Brazil, starring Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, and Iguazu Falls.
Tango in Buenos Aires, meet Evita, enjoy Gaucho dancing from the Pampas; and then north to the Argentina side of massive Iguazu Falls, featuring “The Devil’s Throat”.
Across the border to Brazil, for a close-up of the falls from below. In Rio, gaze at the views from famous mountain tops, and look for the Girl from Ipanema at Rio’s beaches. Take in a Samba show, featuring costumes that range from almost nothing to extremely elaborate and colorful. With digital effects.
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The planet is yours, including my Home Page giant galaxy of still pictures from every continent.
To watch videos or look at the stills, please ask a search engine for: Intrepid Berkeley Explorer" hellomeiden bantugan says "cn u v my chatmate"
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