The Beginnings
The ancestors of the aboriginal peoples of North America first entered the continent around 25,000 years ago, when vast glaciers covered most of the northern continents, keeping the sea level far below that of today. It seems likely that North America's first human inhabitants crossed the land bridge linking Asia with present-day Alaska - they were probably Siberian hunter-nomads travelling in pursuit of mammoths, hairy rhinos, bison, wild horses and sloths, the Ice Age animals that made up their diet. These people left very little to mark their passing, apart from some simple graves and the grooved, chipped-stone spear-heads that earned them the name Fluted Point People . In successive waves the Fluted Point People moved down through North America, across the isthmus of Panama, until they reached the southernmost tip of South America. As they settled, so they slowly developed distinctive cultures and languages, whose degree of elaboration depended on the resources of their environment. About 3000 BC another wave of migration passed over from Asia to North America. This wave was made up of the first group of Inuit migrants who - because the sea level had risen and submerged the land bridge under the waters of today's Bering Strait - made their crossings either in skin-covered boats or on foot over the winter ice. Within the next thousand years the Inuit occupied the entire northern zone of the continent, moving east as far as Greenland and displacing the earlier occupants. These first Inuits - called the Dorset Culture after Cape Dorset, on Baffin Island in the Northwest Territories, where archeologists first identified their remains in the 1920s - were assimilated or wiped out by the next wave of Inuit. These crossed into the continent 3000 years ago, creating the Thule culture - so called after the Greek word for the world's northernmost extremity. The Thule people were the direct ancestors of today's Inuit.
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