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The lack of historic monuments in Madrid is more than compensated for by the region around the capital. Within a radius of 100km - and within an hour's travel by bus or train - are some of the greatest cities of Spain. Above all, there is Toledo , which preceded Madrid as the Spanish capital. Immortalized by El Greco, who lived and worked there for most of his later career, the city is a living museum to the many cultures - Visigothic, Moorish, Jewish and Christian - which have shaped the destiny of Spain. If you have time for just one trip from Madrid, there is really no other choice. That said, Segovia , with its stunning Roman aqueduct and irresistible, Disney-prototype castle, puts up strong competition, while Felipe II's vast palace-mausoleum of El Escorial is a monument to out-monument all others. And there are smaller places, too, less known to foreign tourists: Aranjuez , an oasis in the parched Castilian plain, famed for its asparagus, strawberries and lavish Baroque palace; the beautiful walled city of Avila , birthplace of St Teresa; and Cervantes's home town, Alcala de Henares , with its sixteenth-century university. For walkers, too, trails amid the sierras of Gredos and Guadarrama provide enticing escapes from the midsummer heat. All of the towns in this region can be visited as an easy day-trip from Madrid, but they also offer interesting jumping-off points into Castile and beyond; details of onward travel follow each main entry. Wherever you're going, it's a good idea to pick up leaflets in advance from one of the tourist offices in Madrid
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