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Iceland Decline, The English Century and The Reformation



Decline, The English Century and The Reformation

With the Alping discredited by over forty years of conflict, Iceland turned to Norway to help draft a new constitution. After some wrangling, this resulted in the Jonsbok , in 1280, a set of laws that were to remain partly in force until the nineteenth century. The country was to be overseen by a governor , with twelve regional sheriffs acting as local administrators; all officials would be Icelanders, though appointed by Norway. The Alping would still meet as a national court, retaining some legislative power, but its decisions would have to be approved by the king.

The new system should have brought a much-needed period of stability to Iceland, but it was not always administered as planned - officials often abused their position, leading to several revolts , such as when the brutal governor Smidur Andresson was killed by farmers in 1361. At the same time, the fourteenth century heralded a succession of natural disasters : severe winters wiped out crops and livestock; Hekla became active again; and the volcano under

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Oraefajokull in the southeast exploded in 1362, covering a third of the country in ash. But most devastating was the Plague or Black Death, which had ravaged Europe in the 1350s and arrived in Iceland in 1402, killing half of the population in the following two years. Compared with this, it seems inconsequential that the Danish "lady king" Margaret had meanwhile absorbed the Norwegian throne under the Kalmar Union of 1397, thereby placing Iceland in Denmark's hands.


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Iceland

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Iceland

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........

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yUR MOM`

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~Giggle~

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12/5/2008 3:43:01 PM