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As befits a former royal residence, the lineage of Buda Palace ( Budavari palota ) can be traced back to medieval times, with the rise and fall of various palaces on the hill reflecting the changing fortunes of the Hungarian state. The first fortifications and dwellings, hastily erected by Bela IV after the Mongol invasion of 1241-42, were replaced by the grander palaces of the Angevin kings, who ruled in more prosperous and stable times. This process reached its zenith in the reign of Matyas Corvinus (1458-90), whose palace was a Renaissance extravaganza to which artists and scholars from all over Europe were drawn by the blandishments of Queen Beatrice and the prospect of lavish hospitality; the rooms had hot and cold running water and during celebrations the fountains and gargoyles flowed with wine. After the Turkish occupation, and the long siege that ended it, only ruins were left - which the Habsburgs, Hungary's new rulers, levelled to build a palace of their own. From Empress Maria Theresa's modest beginnings (a mere 203 rooms, which she never saw completed), the Royal Palace expanded inexorably throughout the nineteenth century, though no monarch ever lived here, only the Habsburg Palatine (viceroy). After the collapse of the empire following World War I, Admiral Horthy inhabited the building with all the pomp of monarchy until he was deposed by a German coup in October 1944. The palace was left unoccupied, and it wasn't long before the siege of Buda once again resulted in total devastation. Reconstruction work began in the 1950s in tandem with excavations of the medieval sub-strata beneath the rubble, which were incorporated in the new building, whose interior is far less elegant than the prewar version, being designed to accommodate cultural institutions. Today, the complex houses the Museum of Contemporary Art (Wing A), the Hungarian National Gallery (Wings B, C and D), the Budapest History Museum (E) and the National Szechenyi Library (F) - of which the first three are definitely worth seeing and could easily take an afternoon. There are separate entrances for each.
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