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Like Psara islet in the northeast Aegean, Kassos contributed its large fleet to the Greek revolutionary war effort, and likewise suffered appalling consequences. In late May 1824, an Ottoman army sent by Ibrahim Pasha, Governor of Egypt, besieged the island; on June 7, aided perhaps by a traitor's tip as to the weak point in Kassos's defences, the invaders descended on the populated north-coastal plain, slaughtered most of the inhabitants and put houses, farms and trees to the torch. Barren and depopulated since then, Kassos attracts few visitors, despite regular air links with Rhodes and Karpathos, and being a port of call on ferry lines from those isles to Crete. Numerous sheer gorges slash through lunar terrain, with fenced smallholdings of midget olive trees providing the only permanent relief. Springtime grain crops briefly soften the usually empty terraces, and livestock somehow survives on a thin furze of thornbush. What remains of the population is grouped together in five villages facing Karpathos, leaving most of the island uninhabited and uncultivated. Until very recently, there was little sign here of the wealth brought into other islands by diaspora Greeks or - since Kassos hasn't much to offer them - tourists; amidst the occasional new concrete monster, crumbling houses and disused hillside terraces poignantly recall better days. A long pattern of serving as roving pilots, or residence in Egypt (Kassiots were instrumental in digging the Suez Canal), has been eclipsed by subsequent emigration to the US. Thus American logo-T-shirts and baseball caps are de rigueur summer fashion, and the conversation of vacationing expatriates is spiked with Americanisms. Kassos can be a nuisance to reach, and matters are unlikely to improve as two companies have gone bust attempting to build a new harbour, with the third contractor looking to follow suit. The existing jetty just west of Bouka fishing port in the capital, Fry (pronounced "free"), is so poor that passing ferries won't stop if any appreciable wind is up. In such cases, you disembark at Karpathos and fly the remaining distance in a light, nineteen-seater aircraft. The air ticket plus a taxi fare to Karpathos airport isn't much more than the fare charged by Finiki (Karpathos)-based excursion boats which can manoeuvre into Bouka in most weathers. The airport lies 1km west of Fry, an easy enough walk, otherwise a cheap (?1.50) ride on one of the island's three taxis. Except in July and August, when a few rental motorbikes and boat excursions are offered, the only method of exploring the island's remoter corners is by hiking along fairly arduous, shadeless paths and roads. Place-name signposting tends to be in Greek only, and in Kassiot dialect at that - clearly the islanders aren't expecting many non-Kassiot visitors
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