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Of all the areas of France, Provence is the most irresistible. Geographically it ranges from the snow-capped mountains of the southern Alps to the delta plains of the Camargue and has the greatest European canyon, the Gorges du Verdon . Fortified towns guard its old borders; countless villages perch defensively on hilltops; and its great cities - Aix-en-Provence and Avignon - are full of cultural glories. The sensual inducements of Provence include warmth, food and wine, and the perfumes of Mediterranean vegetation. Along with its coast, it has attracted the rich and famous, the artistic and reclusive, and countless arrivals who have found themselves unable to conceive of life elsewhere. In appearance, despite the throngs of foreigners and French from other regions, inland Provence remains remarkably unscathed. The history of its earliest known natives, of the Greeks, then Romans, raiding Saracens, schismatic popes, and shifting allegiances to different counts and princes, is still in evidence. Provence's complete integration into France dates only from the nineteenth century and, though the Provencal language is only spoken by a small minority, the accent is distinctive even to a foreign ear. In the east the rhythms of speech become clearly Italian. Unless you're intending to stay for months, the main problem with Provence is choosing where to go. In the west, along the Rhone valley , are the Roman cities of Orange , Vaison-la-Romaine , Carpentras and Arles , and the papal city of Avignon, with its brilliant summer festival. Aix-en-Provence is the mini-Paris of the region and was home to Cezanne, for whom the Mont Ste-Victoire was an enduring subject; Van Gogh's links are with St-Remy and Arles. The Gorges du Verdon, the Parc National du Mercantour along the Italian border, Mont Ventoux northeast of Carpentras, and the flamingo-filled lagoons of the Camargue are just a selection of the diverse and stunning landscapes of this region. Before you reach Provence from the north there are the vineyards of the Rhone valley and, before them, the French centre of gastronomy and second largest city of the country, Lyon . With its choice of restaurants, clubs, culture and all the accoutrements of an affluent and vital Western city, it stands in opulent contrast to the medieval hilltop villages of Provence.
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