Postwar London
To lift the country out of its postwar gloom, the Festival of Britain was staged in 1951 on derelict land on the south bank of the Thames, a site that was eventually transformed into the South Bank Arts Centre . Londoners turned up at this technological funfair in their thousands, but at the same time, many were abandoning the city for good, starting a slow process of population decline that has continued ever since. The consequent labour shortage was made good by mass immigration from the former colonies, in particular the Indian subcontinent and the West Indies. The newcomers, a large percentage of whom settled in London, were given small welcome, and within ten years were subjected to race riots, which broke out in Notting Hill in 1958. The riots are thought to have been carried out, for the most part, by Teddy Boys , working-class lads from London's slum areas and new housing estates, who formed the city's first postwar youth cult. Subsequent cults, and their accompanying music, helped turn London into the epicentre of the so-called Swinging Sixties , the Teddy Boys being usurped in the early 1960s by the Mods , whose sharp suits came from London's Carnaby Street. Fashion hit London in a big way, and - thanks to the likes of the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and Twiggy - London was proclaimed the hippest city on the planet on the front pages of Time magazine.
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