From 1066 To The Black Death
On his deathbed, the celibate Edward appointed Harold, Earl of Wessex, as his successor. Having crowned himself in the new Abbey - establishing a tradition that continues to his day - Harold was defeated by William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) and his invading army at the Battle of Hastings. On Christmas Day, 1066, William crowned himself king in Westminster Abbey. The new king granted the City numerous privileges, and, as an insurance policy, also constructed three defensive towers, one of which survives as the nucleus of the Tower of London. Over the next few centuries, the City waged a continuous struggle with the monarchy for a degree of self-government and independence. In the Magna Carta of 1215, for instance, London was granted the right to elect its own sheriff, or Lord Mayor . However, in 1348, the city was hit by the worst natural disaster in its entire history - the arrival of the Europe-wide bubonic plague outbreak known as the Black Death . This disease, carried by black rats, and transmitted to humans by flea bites, wiped out something like half the capital's population in the space of two years.
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