Roman Londinium
There is evidence of scattered Celtic settlements along the Thames, but no firm proof that central London was permanently settled by the Celts before the arrival of the Romans in 43 AD. Although the Romans' principal settlement was at Camulodunum (Colchester) to the northeast, Londinium (London) was established as a permanent military camp, and became an important hub of the Roman road system. In 60 AD, when the Iceni tribe rose up against the invaders under their queen Boudicca (or Boadicea), Londinium was burned to the ground, along with Camulodunum. According to roman the Roman historian, Tacitus, the inhabitants were "massacred, hanged, burned and crucified", but the Iceni were eventually defeated and Boudicca committed suicide. In the aftermath, Londinium emerged as the new commercial and administrative (though not military) capital of Britannia , and was endowed with an imposing basilica and forum, a governor's palace, temples, bathhouses and an amphitheatre. To protect against further attacks, fortifications were built, three miles long, fifteen feet high and eight feet thick.
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