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Ten kilometres north of Madara, the ruins of Pliska are less well preserved than those in Preslav, but in its heyday during the First Bulgarian Kingdom (681-1018), Pliska was a sophisticated and important settlement, covering 23 square kilometres and protected by citadels on neighbouring hills. It was sacked by the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus in the early 800s, but retained its status as the capital, and it was to Pliska that the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, Naum and Kliment, came in 885 to help spread the Slav alphabet. Pliska's days of glory were over by 900, after Tsar Boris I had come out of monastic retirement to stamp out a return to paganism sponsored by his son Vladimir - one of Boris's acts was to move the capital to Preslav in order to make a fresh start.
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