Ethnic Rivalries
In the first quarter of the twentieth century hundreds of thousands of immigrants from China and India were encouraged by the British to emigrate to sites across Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, North Borneo and Singapore. They came to work as tin miners or plantation labourers, and Malaya's population in this period doubled to four million. This recruitment drive fuelled resentment among the Malays, who believed that they were being denied the economic opportunities advanced to others. A further deterioration in Malay-Chinese relations followed the success of the mainland Chinese revolutionary groups in Malaya. The educated Chinese, who joined the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) from 1930 onwards, formed the backbone of the politicized Chinese movements after World War II, which demanded an end to British rule and to what they perceived as special privileges extended to the Malays. In response, the Malays established the Singapore Malay Union, which gradually gained support in Straits Settlement areas where Malays were outnumbered by Chinese. It held its first conference in 1939 and advocated a Malay supremacist line
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