British Malaya
By 1888 the name British Malaya had been brought into use. Over subsequent decades, the Malay sultans' powers were gradually eroded, while the introduction of rubber estates made British Malaya one of the most productive colonies in the world. Each state soon saw the arrival of a Resident, a senior British civil servant whose main function was to act as advisor to the local sultan, but who also oversaw the collecting of local taxes. Agreements along the lines of the Pangkor Treaty were drawn up with Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang states in the 1880s, and in 1896, these three became bracketed together under the title of the Federated Malay States, with the increasingly important town of Kuala Lumpur made the regional capital. By 1909, the northern Malay states of Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Terengganu - previously under Thai control - were brought into the colonial fold: along with Johor (which joined in 1914) they were grouped together as the Unfederated Malay States and by the outbreak of World War I, British political control was more or less complete. The seat of power was split between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. Borneo, too, had been brought under British control: the three states of Sarawak, Sabah and Brunei had been transformed into protectorates in 1888
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