The Pangkor Treaty
Although settlers had trickled into the Peninsula since the early days of Melaka, new plantations, and the rapidly expanding tin mines, attracted floods of willing Chinese workers eager to escape a life of poverty. By 1845, the Chinese formed over half of Singapore's population, while principal towns along the Peninsula's west coast as well as Sarawak's capital, Kuching, became predominantly Chinese. Struggles between Chinese clan groups were rife, and Malay factions frequently became involved too, causing a string of civil wars, often about control of the tin trade or tax claims. This was not good for trade, and finally the British intervened, at the request of a Perak Malay chief, Rajah Abdullah. On January 20, 1874, the Pangkor Treaty was signed between the British and Abdullah, formalizing British intervention in the political affairs of the Malay people.
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